RestrictedOfficial guidanceCAOriginal is EnglishOfficial-source import checked

Azelaic acid and its salts

Canada Hotlist: Azelaic acid and its salts

Health Canada lists this ingredient as restricted; the listed conditions and warnings apply.

Regulatory decision and full conditions

Status
Restricted
Legal role
Official guidance
Regulatory summary
Health Canada lists this ingredient as restricted; the listed conditions and warnings apply.
Conditions and restrictions
Synonyms or related compounds: Nonanedioic acid; Disodium Azelate; Dipotassium Azelate · Maximum concentration: 14%

Substance identity

Official source name
Azelaic acid and its salts
CAS
123-99-9; 52457-54-2; 132499-85-5; 17265-13-3; 27825-99-6
EC
Not supplied in this source row
Identity mapping
Exact CAS: 123-99-9
Linked ingredient
AZELAIC ACID

Linked CosIng identity data

Names and aliases

AZELAIC ACID

CosIng description: Nonanedioic acid

Recorded cosmetic function: BUFFERING, FRAGRANCE

Function pages:BUFFERING, FRAGRANCE

View the complete ingredient profile

Cross-market snapshot for this identity

Exact linked records currently present in this site. An absent market means no imported exact match, not permission to use the substance.

4 market datasets
PubChem 2D chemical structure for CAS 123-99-9
CAS 123-99-9PubChem CID 2266

Verified chemistry for CAS 123-99-9

Azelaic Acid

Nonanedioic acid is an alpha,-dicarboxylic acid that is heptane substituted at positions 1 and 7 by carboxy groups. It has a role as an antibacterial agent, an antineoplastic agent, a dermatologic drug and a plant metabolite. It is a dicarboxylic fatty acid and an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid. It is a conjugate acid of an azelaate and an azelaate(2-). ChEBI

IUPAC name
nonanedioic acid
Molecular formula
C9H16O4
Molecular weight
188.22 g/mol
Exact mass
188.10485899 Da
Monoisotopic mass
188.10485899 Da
XLogP3
1.6
Topological polar surface area
74.6 Ų
Molecular complexity
147.0
Formal charge
0
Hydrogen-bond donors
2
Hydrogen-bond acceptors
4
Rotatable bonds
8
Heavy atoms
13
Covalent units
1

Names and synonyms reported to PubChem

FinaceaAnchoic acidLepargylic acid1,7-Heptanedicarboxylic acidAzelexSkinorenHeptanedicarboxylic acidEmerox 1110
16 more reported names
1,9-Nonanedioic acidEmerox 1144n-Nonanedioic acidAcido azelaicoacide azelaiqueacidum azelaicumAzelaic acid, technical grade1,7-DicarboxyheptaneZK 62498ZK-62498Finacea FoamF2VW3D43YTNSC-19493CHEBI:481314-02-00-02055 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)hydron;nonanedioate
External database identifiers
Advanced structure statistics
Defined atom stereocentres
0
Undefined atom stereocentres
0
Defined bond stereocentres
0
Undefined bond stereocentres
0
3D pharmacophore features
6
3D rings
0
3D hydrophobes
0
3D acceptor features
4
3D donor features
0
3D anionic centres
2
3D cationic centres
0
3D conformers
10
Effective 3D rotors
8.0
Machine-readable structure identifiers
SMILES
C(CCCC(=O)O)CCCC(=O)O
InChI
InChI=1S/C9H16O4/c10-8(11)6-4-2-1-3-5-7-9(12)13/h1-7H2,(H,10,11)(H,12,13)
InChIKey
BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Evidence from additional scientific databases

NIH PubChem PUG-View
Exact identifier match2266

Attributed physical-property, hazard, environmental and use annotations.

  • Note: This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 6.5% (71 of 1087) of reports. Source: European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
  • Signal: Warning Source: European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
  • GHS Hazard Statements: H315 (40.2%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]; H319 (93.4%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation] Source: European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
  • Precautionary Statement Codes: P264, P264+P265, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, and P362+P364 (click each P-code to see the statement) Source: European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
  • ECHA C&L Notifications Summary: Aggregated GHS information provided per 1087 reports by companies from 13 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.; Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 71 of 1087 reports by companies.; There are 11 notifications provided by 1016 of 1087 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).; Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website. Source: European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
  • Cosmetic Ingredient Review Finding(s): Safe in the present practices of use and concentration. Ingredient, concentration, and use information are available in documents discoverable at https://cir-reports.cir-safety.org Source: Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR)
  • Toxicity Summary: The exact mechanism of action of azelaic acid is not known. It is thought that azelaic acid manifests its antibacterial effects by inhibiting the synthesis of cellular protein in anaerobic and aerobic bacteria, especially Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes. In aerobic bacteria, azelaic acid reversibly inhibits several oxidoreductive enzymes including tyrosinase, mitochondrial enzymes of the respiratory chain, thioredoxin reductase, 5-alpha-reductase, and DNA polymerases. In anaerobic bacteria, azelaic acid impedes glycolysis. Along with these actions, azelaic acid also improves acne vulgaris by normalizing the keratin process and decreasing microcomedo formation. Azelaic acid may be effective against both inflamed and noninflamed lesions. Specifically, azelaic acid reduces the thickness of the stratum corneum, shrinks keratohyalin granules by reducing the amount and distribution of filaggrin (a component of keratohyalin) in epidermal layers, and lowers the number of keratohyalin granules. Source: Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
  • Environmental Bioconcentration: An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for 1,7-heptanecarboxylic acid(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.57(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • Environmental Fate: TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 170(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.57(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1,7-heptanecarboxylic acid is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of 1,7-heptanecarboxylic acid is 4.55(4), indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5). Volatilization from moist soil is not expected because the acid exists as an anion and anions do not volatilize. 1,7-Heptanecarboxylic acid is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1.07X10-8 mm Hg(6). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2008) but straight chain carboxylic acids are expected to readily biodergade(7). Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • Environmental Fate: AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 170(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.57(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1,7-heptanecarboxylic acid is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). A pKa of 4.55(4) indicates 1,7-heptanecarboxylic acid will exist almost entirely in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9 and therefore volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2008) but straight chain carboxylic acids are expected to readily biodergade(8). Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • Environmental Fate: ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,7-heptanecarboxylic acid, which has a vapor pressure of 1.07X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,7-heptanecarboxylic acid is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 40 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 9.8X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase 1,7-heptanecarboxylic acid may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). 1,7-Heptanecarboxylic acid does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • Industry Uses: Monomers; Lubricating agent; Wetting agent (non-aqueous); Binder; Intermediate; Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable; Corrosion inhibitor; Plasticizer Source: EPA Chemical Data Reporting (CDR)
  • Cosmetic Ingredient Review Link: CIR ingredient: Azelaic Acid Source: Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR)
  • Sources/Uses: Found in rancid oleic acid; [Merck Index] Used in organic syntheses, lacquers, alkyd resins, low-temperature plasticizers, adhesives, polyamides, urethane elastomers, and for the treatment of acne; [HSDB] Natural component of foods such as whole grain cereals and animal products; [REPROTOX] Source: Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
  • Industrial Processes with risk of exposure: Painting (Pigments, Binders, and Biocides) [Category: Paint]; Working with Glues and Adhesives [Category: Other]; Plastic Composites Manufacturing [Category: Industry] Source: Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
  • Uses: Azelaic acid is used in lacquers, alkyd resins, plasticizers, adhesives, polyamides, urethane elastomers, and organic syntheses. Azelaic acid is also used in treating of acne. Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • Uses: Organic synthesis, lacquers, product of hydrotropic salts, alkyd resins, polyamides, polyester adhesives, low-temperature plasticizers, urethane elastomers Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • Uses: Use (kg; approx.) in Germany (2009): >1000; Consumption (g per capita; approx.) in Germany (2009): 0.0122; Calculated removal (%): 92.2 Source: NORMAN Suspect List Exchange
  • Uses: For the topical treatment of mild-to-moderate inflammatory acne vulgaris. Source: Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

Mapped by: Existing checksum-valid CAS to unique PubChem CID match. Retrieved: 2026-08-31. Open source record

Scientific classifications and hazard annotations provide context and do not replace the market-specific regulatory decision shown above.

Additional source coverage and match status
SourceResultChecked
NIH PubChem PUG-ViewExact match2026-08-31

A recorded no-match is useful evidence that the source was checked; it is not a claim that the substance does not exist elsewhere.

Retrieved from NIH PubChem on 2026-08-31 by checksum-valid CAS matching. Chemical properties do not replace the regulatory decision on this page.

PubChem 2D chemical structure for CAS 132499-85-5
CAS 132499-85-5PubChem CID 159815

Verified chemistry for CAS 132499-85-5

Azelaic acid, disodium salt

IUPAC name
disodium;nonanedioate
Molecular formula
C9H14Na2O4
Molecular weight
232.18 g/mol
Exact mass
232.06874749 Da
Monoisotopic mass
232.06874749 Da
Topological polar surface area
80.3 Ų
Molecular complexity
136.0
Formal charge
0
Hydrogen-bond donors
0
Hydrogen-bond acceptors
4
Rotatable bonds
6
Heavy atoms
15
Covalent units
3

Names and synonyms reported to PubChem

RefChem:135012Disodium azelateNonanedioic acid, disodium saltdisodium nonanedioateNonanedioic acid, sodium salt (1:2)0P4H8NH3UJUNII-0P4H8NH3UJsodium azelate
3 more reported names
EINECS 241-298-4SODIUM AZELATE (2:1)DB-254558
External database identifiers
Advanced structure statistics
Defined atom stereocentres
0
Undefined atom stereocentres
0
Defined bond stereocentres
0
Undefined bond stereocentres
0
3D conformers
0
Machine-readable structure identifiers
SMILES
C(CCCC(=O)[O-])CCCC(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+]
InChI
InChI=1S/C9H16O4.2Na/c10-8(11)6-4-2-1-3-5-7-9(12)13;;/h1-7H2,(H,10,11)(H,12,13);;/q;2*+1/p-2
InChIKey
QFYNUCAKHMSPCY-UHFFFAOYSA-L

Retrieved from NIH PubChem on 2026-08-31 by checksum-valid CAS matching. Chemical properties do not replace the regulatory decision on this page.

PubChem 2D chemical structure for CAS 17265-13-3
CAS 17265-13-3PubChem CID 159815

Verified chemistry for CAS 17265-13-3

Azelaic acid, disodium salt

IUPAC name
disodium;nonanedioate
Molecular formula
C9H14Na2O4
Molecular weight
232.18 g/mol
Exact mass
232.06874749 Da
Monoisotopic mass
232.06874749 Da
Topological polar surface area
80.3 Ų
Molecular complexity
136.0
Formal charge
0
Hydrogen-bond donors
0
Hydrogen-bond acceptors
4
Rotatable bonds
6
Heavy atoms
15
Covalent units
3

Names and synonyms reported to PubChem

RefChem:135012Disodium azelateNonanedioic acid, disodium saltdisodium nonanedioateNonanedioic acid, sodium salt (1:2)0P4H8NH3UJUNII-0P4H8NH3UJsodium azelate
3 more reported names
EINECS 241-298-4SODIUM AZELATE (2:1)DB-254558
External database identifiers
Advanced structure statistics
Defined atom stereocentres
0
Undefined atom stereocentres
0
Defined bond stereocentres
0
Undefined bond stereocentres
0
3D conformers
0
Machine-readable structure identifiers
SMILES
C(CCCC(=O)[O-])CCCC(=O)[O-].[Na+].[Na+]
InChI
InChI=1S/C9H16O4.2Na/c10-8(11)6-4-2-1-3-5-7-9(12)13;;/h1-7H2,(H,10,11)(H,12,13);;/q;2*+1/p-2
InChIKey
QFYNUCAKHMSPCY-UHFFFAOYSA-L

Retrieved from NIH PubChem on 2026-08-31 by checksum-valid CAS matching. Chemical properties do not replace the regulatory decision on this page.

PubChem 2D chemical structure for CAS 52457-54-2
CAS 52457-54-2PubChem CID 162680

Verified chemistry for CAS 52457-54-2

Azelaic acid, dipotassium salt

IUPAC name
dipotassium;nonanedioate
Molecular formula
C9H14K2O4
Molecular weight
264.40 g/mol
Exact mass
264.01662189 Da
Monoisotopic mass
264.01662189 Da
Topological polar surface area
80.3 Ų
Molecular complexity
136.0
Formal charge
0
Hydrogen-bond donors
0
Hydrogen-bond acceptors
4
Rotatable bonds
6
Heavy atoms
15
Covalent units
3

Names and synonyms reported to PubChem

RefChem:589030Dipotassium azelateAzelaic acid, potassium saltDipotassium nonanedioateNonanedioic acid, dipotassium saltNonanedioic acid, potassium salt (1:2)Nonanedioic acid, potassium saltPotassium nonanedioate
5 more reported names
Potassium azelateEINECS 257-931-2UNII-C98170693JEINECS 243-190-2RTMGQVSGXYZVTE-UHFFFAOYSA-L
External database identifiers
Advanced structure statistics
Defined atom stereocentres
0
Undefined atom stereocentres
0
Defined bond stereocentres
0
Undefined bond stereocentres
0
3D conformers
0
Machine-readable structure identifiers
SMILES
C(CCCC(=O)[O-])CCCC(=O)[O-].[K+].[K+]
InChI
InChI=1S/C9H16O4.2K/c10-8(11)6-4-2-1-3-5-7-9(12)13;;/h1-7H2,(H,10,11)(H,12,13);;/q;2*+1/p-2
InChIKey
RTMGQVSGXYZVTE-UHFFFAOYSA-L

Retrieved from NIH PubChem on 2026-08-31 by checksum-valid CAS matching. Chemical properties do not replace the regulatory decision on this page.

Official source and provenance

Registered source
Health Canada Cosmetic Ingredient Hotlist
Source reference
Hotlist restricted entry 12
Source record ID
restricted:12
Source version
Health Canada Hotlist 2025-08-13
Source language
English
Translation status
Original is English
Source updated
2025-08-13
Snapshot checked
2026-08-30 04:07 UTC
Validation method
strict HTML tables t1=490 and t2=90
SHA-256
8b52ff573d08373ee90121f6a701b3607e4a3d6fc748a7d56171eb53510af91a

Registered dataset notes

Dataset coverage
Administrative prohibitions, restrictions, conditions and warning requirements
Authority note
Official Health Canada compliance indicator; not a complete safety clearance

How this record fits the market dataset

580
current Canada records
90
records marked Restricted
580
records from this source version
516
market records with CAS identity

Status distribution

Condition text is present on 172 of 580 current records. An empty condition field is interpreted according to the record type above; it is never converted into an unrestricted-use claim.

Canada market context

Complete Hotlist snapshot

Coverage version: Health Canada Cosmetic Ingredient Hotlist, 13 August 2025

All prohibited and restricted Hotlist entries, including conditions and warning requirements published in the official list.

Verification checklist

  1. Search English/French names and CAS identifiers.
  2. Apply every restriction, concentration and label warning.
  3. Check Food and Drugs Act/Cosmetic Regulations requirements.
  4. Recheck the current Hotlist before notification or sale.

Official market sources

Verification workflow and record completeness

Before using this result in a compliance decision

  1. Confirm that “Azelaic acid and its salts” and every CAS/EC identifier refer to the material in your supplier specification.
  2. Search English/French names and CAS identifiers.
  3. Apply every restriction, concentration and label warning.
  4. Check Food and Drugs Act/Cosmetic Regulations requirements.
  5. Recheck the current Hotlist before notification or sale.
  6. Document the source version and recheck the regulator before manufacture, notification or market placement.

Fields available in this record

  • Official substance nameAvailable
  • CASAvailable
  • ECNot supplied
  • Separate condition textAvailable
  • Effective dateNot supplied
  • Snapshot hash and methodAvailable

Questions this page answers

This substance is not unrestricted: cosmetic use is subject to the conditions in the cited official record. Check product type, body area, concentration, purity and warning requirements before deciding whether a formulation is compliant.

If this row does not reproduce conditions, open the cited official detail because omission does not mean unrestricted use. The Hotlist is an administrative compliance tool, not an exhaustive safety approval list.

The record cites Hotlist restricted entry 12, source version Health Canada Hotlist 2025-08-13. Open the official source.

No. CAS helps resolve identity, but jurisdictions can classify the same substance differently and can apply different product scopes, limits, warnings and transition dates.

Stable citation

Azelaic acid and its salts. Hotlist restricted entry 12. Canada. Source version Health Canada Hotlist 2025-08-13. CosIng Checker regulatory record: https://cosingchecker.com/regulations/ca/records/502/

Cite the regulator as the legal authority. This page is a structured evidence index and verification aid, not a substitute for the official text or professional legal assessment.

Interpretation and limits for Canada

This substance is not unrestricted: cosmetic use is subject to the conditions in the cited official record.

Check product type, body area, concentration, purity and warning requirements before deciding whether a formulation is compliant.

How to interpret the legal role

The authority uses this source as compliance guidance; the underlying legislation remains controlling.

Evidence on this page

  • Recorded outcome: Restricted
  • Legal role: Official guidance
  • Source version: Health Canada Hotlist 2025-08-13

What it does not prove

The Hotlist is an administrative compliance tool, not an exhaustive safety approval list.

Further authoritative substance research

These sources can add identity, safety, exposure or hazard context. A link is not evidence that the database contains this exact substance, and none of these sources overrides the market decision above.

Cosmetic Ingredient Review safety assessments

Expert Panel conclusions, assessed ingredient groups, use conditions, dates and report documents

Independent expert review considered by FDA; not a government approval or binding market rule

Research this identity at the source

FDA Global Substance Registration System

UNII identifiers, preferred names, substance types, codes and public substance relationships

Identity registry only; UNII availability does not imply FDA review or approval

Research this identity at the source

ILO/WHO International Chemical Safety Cards

Hazards, symptoms, first aid, storage, incompatibilities and physical properties for covered chemicals

International occupational chemical-safety reference; not cosmetic-use approval

Research this identity at the source

Japan NITE-CHRIP

Chemical identity, Japanese and foreign legal lists, GHS hazards and exposure-related information

Chemical-management evidence; cosmetic status remains governed by the applicable MHLW standard and market rules

Research this identity at the source

NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards

REL, PEL, IDLH, properties, exposure routes, symptoms, target organs, first aid and measurement methods for covered workplace chemicals

US occupational-health guidance and limits; not a cosmetic ingredient decision

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OECD eChemPortal

Gateway to authority-owned physical-property, fate, ecotoxicity, toxicity, exposure and GHS records

Discovery gateway; each linked authority remains responsible for its data

Research this identity at the source

US EPA CompTox CTX APIs

API key required for import

DTXSID identity, experimental and predicted properties, toxicity, bioactivity, exposure and environmental data

Scientific and computational evidence; predictions must remain labelled and do not determine cosmetic legality

Research this identity at the source