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CAS 123-99-9

CAS 123-99-9 matches 0 EU annex records across Annex II–VI of Regulation 1223/2009.

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Chemical identity and properties

PubChem 2D chemical structure for CAS 123-99-9
CAS 123-99-9PubChem CID 2266

Azelaic Acid

Nonanedioic acid is an alpha,-dicarboxylic acid that is heptane substituted at positions 1 and 7 by carboxy groups. It has a role as an antibacterial agent, an antineoplastic agent, a dermatologic drug and a plant metabolite. It is a dicarboxylic fatty acid and an alpha,omega-dicarboxylic acid. It is a conjugate acid of an azelaate and an azelaate(2-). — ChEBI

IUPAC name
nonanedioic acid
Molecular formula
C9H16O4
Molecular weight
188.22 g/mol
Exact mass
188.10485899 Da
XLogP3
1.6
Topological polar surface area
74.6 Ų
Hydrogen-bond donors
2
Hydrogen-bond acceptors
4
Covalent units
1
Defined stereocentres
0

Also known as

FinaceaAnchoic acidLepargylic acid1,7-Heptanedicarboxylic acidAzelexSkinorenHeptanedicarboxylic acidEmerox 1110
16 more reported names
1,9-Nonanedioic acidEmerox 1144n-Nonanedioic acidAcido azelaicoacide azelaiqueacidum azelaicumAzelaic acid, technical grade1,7-DicarboxyheptaneZK 62498ZK-62498Finacea FoamF2VW3D43YTNSC-19493CHEBI:481314-02-00-02055 (Beilstein Handbook Reference)hydron;nonanedioate
Open full PubChem recordPubChem annotations3D structure image
External database identifiers

Evidence from additional scientific databases

NIH PubChem PUG-View
Exact identifier match2266

Attributed physical-property, hazard, environmental and use annotations.

  • Note: This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 6.5% (71 of 1087) of reports. Source: European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
  • Signal: Warning Source: European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
  • GHS Hazard Statements: H315 (40.2%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]; H319 (93.4%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation] Source: European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
  • Precautionary Statement Codes: P264, P264+P265, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P332+P317, P337+P317, and P362+P364 (click each P-code to see the statement) Source: European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
  • ECHA C&L Notifications Summary: Aggregated GHS information provided per 1087 reports by companies from 13 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.; Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 71 of 1087 reports by companies.; There are 11 notifications provided by 1016 of 1087 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).; Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website. Source: European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
  • Cosmetic Ingredient Review Finding(s): Safe in the present practices of use and concentration. Ingredient, concentration, and use information are available in documents discoverable at https://cir-reports.cir-safety.org Source: Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR)
  • Toxicity Summary: The exact mechanism of action of azelaic acid is not known. It is thought that azelaic acid manifests its antibacterial effects by inhibiting the synthesis of cellular protein in anaerobic and aerobic bacteria, especially Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes. In aerobic bacteria, azelaic acid reversibly inhibits several oxidoreductive enzymes including tyrosinase, mitochondrial enzymes of the respiratory chain, thioredoxin reductase, 5-alpha-reductase, and DNA polymerases. In anaerobic bacteria, azelaic acid impedes glycolysis. Along with these actions, azelaic acid also improves acne vulgaris by normalizing the keratin process and decreasing microcomedo formation. Azelaic acid may be effective against both inflamed and noninflamed lesions. Specifically, azelaic acid reduces the thickness of the stratum corneum, shrinks keratohyalin granules by reducing the amount and distribution of filaggrin (a component of keratohyalin) in epidermal layers, and lowers the number of keratohyalin granules. Source: Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
  • Environmental Bioconcentration: An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for 1,7-heptanecarboxylic acid(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.57(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • Environmental Fate: TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 170(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.57(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1,7-heptanecarboxylic acid is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of 1,7-heptanecarboxylic acid is 4.55(4), indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in the anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5). Volatilization from moist soil is not expected because the acid exists as an anion and anions do not volatilize. 1,7-Heptanecarboxylic acid is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1.07X10-8 mm Hg(6). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2008) but straight chain carboxylic acids are expected to readily biodergade(7). Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • Environmental Fate: AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 170(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 1.57(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1,7-heptanecarboxylic acid is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). A pKa of 4.55(4) indicates 1,7-heptanecarboxylic acid will exist almost entirely in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9 and therefore volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation data were not available(SRC, 2008) but straight chain carboxylic acids are expected to readily biodergade(8). Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • Environmental Fate: ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,7-heptanecarboxylic acid, which has a vapor pressure of 1.07X10-8 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,7-heptanecarboxylic acid is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 40 hrs(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 9.8X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase 1,7-heptanecarboxylic acid may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). 1,7-Heptanecarboxylic acid does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • Industry Uses: Monomers; Lubricating agent; Wetting agent (non-aqueous); Binder; Intermediate; Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable; Corrosion inhibitor; Plasticizer Source: EPA Chemical Data Reporting (CDR)
  • Cosmetic Ingredient Review Link: CIR ingredient: Azelaic Acid Source: Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR)
  • Sources/Uses: Found in rancid oleic acid; [Merck Index] Used in organic syntheses, lacquers, alkyd resins, low-temperature plasticizers, adhesives, polyamides, urethane elastomers, and for the treatment of acne; [HSDB] Natural component of foods such as whole grain cereals and animal products; [REPROTOX] Source: Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
  • Industrial Processes with risk of exposure: Painting (Pigments, Binders, and Biocides) [Category: Paint]; Working with Glues and Adhesives [Category: Other]; Plastic Composites Manufacturing [Category: Industry] Source: Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
  • Uses: Azelaic acid is used in lacquers, alkyd resins, plasticizers, adhesives, polyamides, urethane elastomers, and organic syntheses. Azelaic acid is also used in treating of acne. Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • Uses: Organic synthesis, lacquers, product of hydrotropic salts, alkyd resins, polyamides, polyester adhesives, low-temperature plasticizers, urethane elastomers Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • Uses: Use (kg; approx.) in Germany (2009): >1000; Consumption (g per capita; approx.) in Germany (2009): 0.0122; Calculated removal (%): 92.2 Source: NORMAN Suspect List Exchange
  • Uses: For the topical treatment of mild-to-moderate inflammatory acne vulgaris. Source: Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

Mapped by: Existing checksum-valid CAS to unique PubChem CID match. Retrieved: 2026-08-31. Open source record

Scientific classifications and hazard annotations provide context and do not replace the market-specific regulatory decision shown above.

Additional source coverage and match status
SourceResultChecked
NIH PubChem PUG-ViewExact match2026-08-31

A recorded no-match is useful evidence that the source was checked; it is not a claim that the substance does not exist elsewhere.

Retrieved from NIH PubChem on 2026-08-31 by checksum-valid CAS matching. Chemical properties do not replace the regulatory decision on this page.

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How CAS 123-99-9 is used on this site

CAS 123-99-9 is the Chemical Abstracts Service identifier used to pin this page to a specific substance. In the current dataset, 0 EU annex records share this identifier, which helps you cross-check whether the same substance appears under one regulatory context or several.

Use this page when a supplier specification, SDS or raw-material dossier gives you CAS 123-99-9 and you need to see every linked Annex II–VI record in one place. The entry cards above are the quickest route to concentration limits, warnings, annex placement and product-type conditions.