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Benzaldehyde

Listed by the Saudi Food and Drug Authority as restricted in cosmetic products; open the cited detail for the current conditions.

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Regulatory decision and full conditions

Status
Restricted
Legal role
Binding rule
Regulatory summary
Listed by the Saudi Food and Drug Authority as restricted in cosmetic products; open the cited detail for the current conditions.
Conditions and restrictions
If this row does not reproduce conditions, open the cited official detail because omission does not mean unrestricted use. Open the cited source and apply the market-wide requirements below.

Substance identity

Official source name
Benzaldehyde
CAS
100-52-7
EC
202-860-4
Identity mapping
cas_number
Linked ingredient
BENZALDEHYDE
Search this identity across the siteCAS 100-52-7EC 202-860-4

Linked CosIng identity data

Names and aliases

BENZALDEHYDEbenzaldehyde

CosIng description: Benzaldehyde

Recorded cosmetic function: DENATURANT, FLAVOURING, FRAGRANCE, PERFUMING

Function pages:DENATURANT, FLAVOURING, FRAGRANCE, PERFUMING

View the complete ingredient profile

Cross-market snapshot for this identity

Exact linked records currently present in this site. An absent market means no imported exact match, not permission to use the substance.

2 market datasets
PubChem 2D chemical structure for CAS 100-52-7
CAS 100-52-7PubChem CID 240

Verified chemistry for CAS 100-52-7

Benzaldehyde

Benzaldehyde is an arenecarbaldehyde that consists of benzene bearing a single formyl substituent; the simplest aromatic aldehyde and parent of the class of benzaldehydes. It has a role as a flavouring agent, a fragrance, an odorant receptor agonist, an EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor, a plant metabolite and an EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor. — ChEBI

IUPAC name
benzaldehyde
Molecular formula
C7H6O
Molecular weight
106.12 g/mol
Exact mass
106.041864811 Da
Monoisotopic mass
106.041864811 Da
XLogP3
1.5
Topological polar surface area
17.1 Ų
Molecular complexity
72.0
Formal charge
0
Hydrogen-bond donors
0
Hydrogen-bond acceptors
1
Rotatable bonds
1
Heavy atoms
8
Covalent units
1

Names and synonyms reported to PubChem

Benzoic aldehydePhenylmethanalBenzenecarbonalBenzenecarboxaldehydeBenzenemethylalBenzaldehyde FFCBenzene carbaldehydeBenzene carboxaldehyde
16 more reported names
benzanoaldehydeBenzylaldehydeNCI-C56133Benzoic acid aldehydeFEMA No. 2127Caswell No. 076PhenylformaldehydeNSC-7917EPA Pesticide Chemical Code 008601TA269SD04TCHEBI:17169NSC7917Bitter almond oil,RefChem:6618202-860-4Benzoyl hydride
Open full PubChem recordSafety and hazards at PubChemPubChem annotationsChemical classifications3D structure image
External database identifiers
Advanced structure statistics
Defined atom stereocentres
0
Undefined atom stereocentres
0
Defined bond stereocentres
0
Undefined bond stereocentres
0
3D pharmacophore features
2
3D rings
1
3D hydrophobes
0
3D acceptor features
1
3D donor features
0
3D anionic centres
0
3D cationic centres
0
3D conformers
1
Effective 3D rotors
1.0
Machine-readable structure identifiers
SMILES
C1=CC=C(C=C1)C=O
InChI
InChI=1S/C7H6O/c8-6-7-4-2-1-3-5-7/h1-6H
InChIKey
HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Evidence from additional scientific databases

EMBL-EBI ChEBI
Exact identifier matchCHEBI:17169

benzaldehyde

An arenecarbaldehyde that consists of benzene bearing a single formyl substituent; the simplest aromatic aldehyde and parent of the class of benzaldehydes.

Formula
C7H6O
Average mass
106.124 g/mol
Monoisotopic mass
106.04186 Da
Formal charge
0
  • benzaldehydes — is a (CHEBI:22698)
  • plant metabolite — has role (CHEBI:76924)
  • flavouring agent — has role (CHEBI:35617)
  • fragrance — has role (CHEBI:48318)
  • odorant receptor agonist — has role (CHEBI:62873)
  • EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor — has role (CHEBI:77118)
  • EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor — has role (CHEBI:65001)
  • plant metabolite — has role (CHEBI:76924)
  • flavouring agent — has role (CHEBI:35617)
  • fragrance — has role (CHEBI:48318)
  • odorant receptor agonist — has role (CHEBI:62873)
  • EC 3.5.5.1 (nitrilase) inhibitor — has role (CHEBI:77118)
  • EC 3.1.1.3 (triacylglycerol lipase) inhibitor — has role (CHEBI:65001)
  • benzaldehydes — is a (CHEBI:22698)
Additional curated names
benzaldehydeArtificial almond oilBenzaldehydeBenzanoaldehydeBenzene carbaldehydeBenzenecarbonalBenzene carboxaldehydeBenzenecarboxaldehydeBenzenemethylalBenzoic acid aldehydeBenzoic aldehydeBenzylaldehydeEthereal oil of bitter almondsPhenylformaldehydePhenylmethanalSynthetic oil of bitter almond
Cross-references from this source
  • CAS: 100-52-7 — KEGG COMPOUND
  • CAS: 100-52-7 — ChemIDplus
  • CAS: 100-52-7 — NIST Chemistry WebBook
  • REGISTRY_NUMBER: 471223 — Reaxys
  • MANUAL_X_REF: Benzaldehyde — Wikipedia
  • MANUAL_X_REF: BENZALDEHYDE — MetaCyc
  • MANUAL_X_REF: C00193 — KEGG COMPOUND
  • MANUAL_X_REF: C00261 — KEGG COMPOUND
  • MANUAL_X_REF: C00261 — KEGG COMPOUND
  • MANUAL_X_REF: c0279 — UM-BBD
  • MANUAL_X_REF: D02314 — KEGG DRUG
  • MANUAL_X_REF: HBX — PDBeChem
  • MANUAL_X_REF: HMDB0006115 — HMDB

Mapped by: Exact CAS cross-reference in the ChEBI compound record. Source updated: 2016-08-05. Retrieved: 2026-08-31. Open source record

NIH PubChem PUG-View
Exact identifier match240

Attributed physical-property, hazard, environmental and use annotations.

  • Substance: Benzaldehyde Source: NTP Technical Reports
  • NTP Technical Report: TR-378: Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Benzaldehyde (CASRN 100-52-7) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Gavage Studies) (1990 ) Source: NTP Technical Reports
  • Peer Review Date: 06/27/89 Source: NTP Technical Reports
  • Conclusion for Male Rat: No Evidence Source: NTP Technical Reports
  • Conclusion for Female Rat: No Evidence Source: NTP Technical Reports
  • Conclusion for Male Mice: Some Evidence Source: NTP Technical Reports
  • Conclusion for Female Mice: Some Evidence Source: NTP Technical Reports
  • Summary: Under the conditions of these 2-year gavage studies, there was no evidence of carcinogenic activity of benzaldehyde for male or female F344/N rats receiving 200 or 400 mg/kg per day. There was some evidence of carcinogenic activity of benzaldehyde for male or female B6C3F1 mice, as indicated by increased incidences of squamous cell papillomas and hyperplasia of the forestomach. Female rats and male and female mice might have been able to tolerate higher doses. Source: NTP Technical Reports
  • First Aid: EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.; SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas.; INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknow Source: CAMEO Chemicals
  • ERG2024, Guide 171 (Benzaldehyde): General First Aid:; · Call 911 or emergency medical service.; · Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.; · Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.; · Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.; · If victim is not breathing:; -- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.; -- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).; -- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.; · Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.; · For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.; · In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.; · For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.; · Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, Source: Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG)
  • Signal: Warning Source: Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council
  • GHS Hazard Statements: H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral] Source: Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council
  • Precautionary Statement Codes: P264, P270, P301+P317, P330, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement) Source: Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council
  • Signal: Warning Source: European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
  • GHS Hazard Statements: H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]; H319 (22.1%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]; H332 (23.4%): Harmful if inhaled [Warning Acute toxicity, inhalation]; H336 (14.9%): May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects] Source: European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
  • Precautionary Statement Codes: P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P280, P301+P317, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P317, P319, P330, P337+P317, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement) Source: European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
  • ECHA C&L Notifications Summary: Aggregated GHS information provided per 3000 reports by companies from 52 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.; Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website. Source: European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
  • Signal: Warning Source: NITE-CMC
  • GHS Hazard Statements: H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]; H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]; H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]; H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]; H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]; H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]; H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]; H401: Toxic to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]; H412: Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard] Source: NITE-CMC
  • Precautionary Statement Codes: P210, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P317, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P316, P319, P330, P337+P317, P370+P378, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement) Source: NITE-CMC
  • Signal: Danger Source: NITE-CMC
  • GHS Hazard Statements: H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]; H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]; H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]; H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]; H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]; H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]; H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]; H371: May cause damage to organs [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure]; H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure] Source: NITE-CMC
  • NFPA Health Rating: 1 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause significant irritation. Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • NFPA Fire Rating: 2 - Materials that must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperatures before ignition can occur. Materials would not under normal conditions form hazardous atmospheres with air, but under high ambient temperatures or under moderate heating could release vapor in sufficient quantities to produce hazardous atmospheres with air. Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • NFPA Instability Rating: 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions. Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • Cosmetic Ingredient Review Finding(s): Safe in the present practices of use and concentration. Ingredient, concentration, and use information are available in documents discoverable at https://cir-reports.cir-safety.org Source: Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR)
  • Toxicity Summary: IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Benzaldehyde is a strongly refractive liquid, becoming yellowish on keeping. It is used in cosmetics as a denaturant, a flavoring agent, and as a fragrance. Currently used in only seven cosmetic products, its highest reported concentration of use was 0.5% in perfumes. Substantial amounts are used in the production of derivatives that are also employed in the perfume and flavor industries. In the pharmaceutical industry benzaldehyde is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of chloramphenicol, ephedrine, ampicillin, diphenylhydantoin, and other products. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: It may cause contact dermatitis. It was positive in sister chromatid exchange assay with human lymphocytes from healthy non-smoking donors. Benzaldehyde was found to induce formation of stable DNA-protein cross-links in cultured human lymphoma cells. Benzaldehyde was found to lack significant activity against most human tumor cells tested. ANIMAL STUDIES: It was was slightly irritating to the rabbit eye. Histological examination of the trachea and lungs showed a slight irritation of respiratory epithelium for nonsensitized guinea pigs. In the acute studies, benzaldehyde induce Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • Environmental Bioconcentration: An estimated BCF of 4.4 was calculated in fish for benzaldehyde(SRC), using a log Kow of 1.48(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • Environmental Fate: TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 11(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that benzaldehyde is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of benzaldehyde from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 2.67X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(3). Benzaldehyde is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 1.27 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). A 66% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in a 2-week Japanese MITI test(5) suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC). Other biological screening studies have also demonstrated that benzaldehyde is readily biodegradable(6-8). Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • Environmental Fate: AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 11(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that benzaldehyde is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 2.67X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.5 and 14 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 4.4(SRC), from its log Kow of 1.48(6) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low. A 66% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in a 2-week Japanese MITI test(7) suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in water(SRC). Other biological screening studies have also demonstrated that benzaldehyde is readily biodegradable(8-10). Hydrolysis is not expected to be an important environmental fate process since this compound lacks functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • Environmental Fate: ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), benzaldehyde, which has a vapor pressure of 1.27 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase benzaldehyde is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 30 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.29X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Vapor-phase benzaldehyde is also degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with nitrate radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7.5 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 4.30X10-15 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(4). The atmospheric reaction between benzaldehyde and ozone is too slow to be important environmentally(5). Benzaldehyde absorbs UV radiation between 300 and 380 nm in the gas-phase(6,7) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). Small quantities of benzaldehyde have been detected in atmospheric aerosol particulates(8,9) which can be physically removed from air via dry and wet depositi Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

Mapped by: Existing checksum-valid CAS to unique PubChem CID match. Retrieved: 2026-08-31. Open source record

Scientific classifications and hazard annotations provide context and do not replace the market-specific regulatory decision shown above.

Additional source coverage and match status
SourceResultChecked
EMBL-EBI ChEBIExact match2026-08-31
NIH PubChem PUG-ViewExact match2026-08-31

A recorded no-match is useful evidence that the source was checked; it is not a claim that the substance does not exist elsewhere.

Retrieved from NIH PubChem on 2026-08-31 by checksum-valid CAS matching. Chemical properties do not replace the regulatory decision on this page.

Official source and provenance

Registered source
Saudi SFDA prohibited and restricted ingredient lists
Source reference
SFDA restricted list, page 23, row 5
Source record ID
restricted-22-5
Source version
live-snapshot-2026-08-30
Source language
English
Translation status
Original is English
Snapshot checked
2026-08-30 05:18 UTC
Validation method
complete SFDA paginated HTML snapshot; strict page/row counts
SHA-256
ceb6cc636e6b1f4b3013f88ce0297217b49d6194342c6ece5c03b1e04256d71a

Registered dataset notes

Dataset coverage
Prohibited and restricted substances with CAS, EC and conditions
Authority note
Official SFDA dated lists; version and hash each release
Inspect the exact official sourceRegulator guidance

How this record fits the market dataset

2090
current Saudi Arabia records
364
records marked Restricted
2090
records from this source version
1991
market records with CAS identity

Status distribution

Prohibited: 1726Restricted: 364

Condition text is present on 0 of 2090 current records. An empty condition field is interpreted according to the record type above; it is never converted into an unrestricted-use claim.

Saudi Arabia market context

Complete official list index

Coverage version: SFDA live prohibited/restricted lists, snapshot 30 August 2026

Every page and entry in the public SFDA prohibited and restricted ingredient indexes; restricted detail pages remain the source for conditions.

Verification checklist

  1. Search names and CAS across both SFDA lists.
  2. Open the cited restricted-entry detail and apply every condition.
  3. Check current SFDA/GSO technical regulations and updates.
  4. Complete eCosma notification, label and responsible-party requirements.

Official market sources

Verification workflow and record completeness

Before using this result in a compliance decision

  1. Confirm that “Benzaldehyde” and every CAS/EC identifier refer to the material in your supplier specification.
  2. Search names and CAS across both SFDA lists.
  3. Open the cited restricted-entry detail and apply every condition.
  4. Check current SFDA/GSO technical regulations and updates.
  5. Complete eCosma notification, label and responsible-party requirements.
  6. Document the source version and recheck the regulator before manufacture, notification or market placement.

Fields available in this record

  • Official substance nameAvailable
  • CASAvailable
  • ECAvailable
  • Separate condition textNot present in source row
  • Effective dateNot supplied
  • Snapshot hash and methodAvailable

Questions this page answers

This substance is not unrestricted: cosmetic use is subject to the conditions in the cited official record. Check product type, body area, concentration, purity and warning requirements before deciding whether a formulation is compliant.

If this row does not reproduce conditions, open the cited official detail because omission does not mean unrestricted use. No list match is not permission; Gulf/SFDA product, claim, notification and technical requirements still apply.

The record cites SFDA restricted list, page 23, row 5, source version live-snapshot-2026-08-30. Open the official source.

No. CAS helps resolve identity, but jurisdictions can classify the same substance differently and can apply different product scopes, limits, warnings and transition dates.

Stable citation

Benzaldehyde. SFDA restricted list, page 23, row 5. Saudi Arabia. Source version live-snapshot-2026-08-30. CosIng Checker regulatory record: https://cosingchecker.com/regulations/sa/records/11550/

Cite the regulator as the legal authority. This page is a structured evidence index and verification aid, not a substitute for the official text or professional legal assessment.

Interpretation and limits for Saudi Arabia

This substance is not unrestricted: cosmetic use is subject to the conditions in the cited official record.

Check product type, body area, concentration, purity and warning requirements before deciding whether a formulation is compliant.

How to interpret the legal role

The cited row forms part of a binding rule or legally incorporated list for this market.

Evidence on this page

  • Recorded outcome: Restricted
  • Legal role: Binding rule
  • Source version: live-snapshot-2026-08-30

What it does not prove

No list match is not permission; Gulf/SFDA product, claim, notification and technical requirements still apply.

Further authoritative substance research

These sources can add identity, safety, exposure or hazard context. A link is not evidence that the database contains this exact substance, and none of these sources overrides the market decision above.

Cosmetic Ingredient Review safety assessments

Expert Panel conclusions, assessed ingredient groups, use conditions, dates and report documents

Independent expert review considered by FDA; not a government approval or binding market rule

Research this identity at the source

FDA Global Substance Registration System

UNII identifiers, preferred names, substance types, codes and public substance relationships

Identity registry only; UNII availability does not imply FDA review or approval

Research this identity at the source

ILO/WHO International Chemical Safety Cards

Hazards, symptoms, first aid, storage, incompatibilities and physical properties for covered chemicals

International occupational chemical-safety reference; not cosmetic-use approval

Research this identity at the source

Japan NITE-CHRIP

Chemical identity, Japanese and foreign legal lists, GHS hazards and exposure-related information

Chemical-management evidence; cosmetic status remains governed by the applicable MHLW standard and market rules

Research this identity at the source

NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards

REL, PEL, IDLH, properties, exposure routes, symptoms, target organs, first aid and measurement methods for covered workplace chemicals

US occupational-health guidance and limits; not a cosmetic ingredient decision

Research this identity at the source

OECD eChemPortal

Gateway to authority-owned physical-property, fate, ecotoxicity, toxicity, exposure and GHS records

Discovery gateway; each linked authority remains responsible for its data

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US EPA CompTox CTX APIs

API key required for import

DTXSID identity, experimental and predicted properties, toxicity, bioactivity, exposure and environmental data

Scientific and computational evidence; predictions must remain labelled and do not determine cosmetic legality

Research this identity at the source