Mesitylene
- IUPAC name
- 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene
- Molecular formula
- C9H12
- Molecular weight
- 120.19 g/mol
- Exact mass
- 120.093900383 Da
- XLogP3
- 3.4
- Topological polar surface area
- 0.0 Ų
- Hydrogen-bond donors
- 0
- Hydrogen-bond acceptors
- 0
- Covalent units
- 1
- Defined stereocentres
- 0
Also known as
16 more reported names
External database identifiers
- ChEBI:CHEBI:34833
- ChEMBL:CHEMBL1797281
- EPA DTXSID:DTXSID6026797
- PubMed:33269480
- PubMed:23109595
- PubMed:23098055
- PubMed:23095096
- PubMed:22991939
- PubMed:22971012
- PubMed:22969648
- PubMed:22968679
- PubMed:22939158
- PubMed:22920300
- PubMed:22904888
- PubMed:22868336
Evidence from additional scientific databases
NIH PubChem PUG-View
Attributed physical-property, hazard, environmental and use annotations.
- Autoignition Temperature: 1039 °F (559 °C) Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Autoignition Temperature: 550 °C Source: ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
- Boiling Point: 329 °F at 760 mmHg (NIOSH, 2024) Source: CAMEO Chemicals
- Boiling Point: 164.7 °C at 760 mm Hg Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Boiling Point: Boiling point = 98.9 °C at 100 mm Hg, 61 °C at 20 mm Hg, 47.4 °C at 10 mm Hg, and 9.6 °C at 1.0 mm Hg Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Boiling Point: 164.00 to 165.00 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg Source: Human Metabolome Database (HMDB)
- Boiling Point: 165 °C Source: ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
- Boiling Point: 164.74 °C @760 [mm Hg] Source: PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy
- Boiling Point: 329 °F Source: The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
- Color/Form: Clear, colorless liquid Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Density: 0.86 (NIOSH, 2024) - Less dense than water; will float Source: CAMEO Chemicals
- Density: 0.8637 at 20 °C/4 °C Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Density: Relative density (water = 1): 0.86 Source: ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
- Density: 0.8615 @25 °C Source: PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy
- Density: 0.86 Source: The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
- Flash Point: 122 °F (NIOSH, 2024) Source: CAMEO Chemicals
- Flash Point: 122 °F (50 °C) (Closed cup) Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Flash Point: 50 °C c.c. Source: ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
- Flash Point: 122 °F Source: The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
- LogP: log Kow = 3.42 Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- LogP: 3.42 Source: Human Metabolome Database (HMDB)
- LogP: 3.42 Source: ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
- Melting Point: -49 °F (NIOSH, 2024) Source: CAMEO Chemicals
- Melting Point: -44.8 °C Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Melting Point: Liquid Molar Volume= 0.139524 cu m/kmol; IG Heat of Formation= -1.59X10+7 J/kmol; Heat of Fusion at the melting point= 9.5144X10+6 J/kmol Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Melting Point: -44.7 °C Source: Human Metabolome Database (HMDB)
- Melting Point: -45 °C Source: ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
- Melting Point: -44.72 °C Source: PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy
- Melting Point: -49 °F Source: The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
- Odor: Peculiar odor Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Odor: Distinctive, aromatic odor Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Odor: Sweet odor Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Physical Description: 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene appears as a colorless liquid with a peculiar odor. Insoluble in water and less dense than water. Flash point near 123 °F. May be toxic by ingestion and inhalation. Used to make plastics and dyes. Source: CAMEO Chemicals
- Physical Description: Liquid Source: EPA Chemical Data Reporting (CDR)
- Physical Description: Colorless liquid; [ICSC] Source: Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
- Physical Description: Liquid Source: Human Metabolome Database (HMDB)
- Physical Description: COLOURLESS LIQUID WITH CHARACTERISTIC ODOUR. Source: ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
- Physical Description: Clear, colorless liquid with a distinctive, aromatic odor. Source: The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
- Refractive Index: Index of refraction: 1.49541 at 18 °C/D Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Solubility: 0.002 % (NIOSH, 2024) Source: CAMEO Chemicals
- Solubility: Miscible with alcohol, ether, benzene Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Solubility: Miscible in ethanol, ethyl ether, acetone Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Solubility: Miscible with oxygenated and aromatic solvents. Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Solubility: In water, 48.2 mg/L at 25 °C Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Solubility: 0.0482 mg/mL at 25 °C Source: Human Metabolome Database (HMDB)
- Solubility: Solubility in water: very poor Source: ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
- Solubility: 0.002% Source: The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
- Vapor Pressure: 2 mmHg (NIOSH, 2024) Source: CAMEO Chemicals
- Vapor Pressure: 2.48 [mmHg] Source: Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
- Vapor Pressure: Vapor pressure = 1.86 mm Hg @ 20 °C Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Vapor Pressure: 2.48 mm Hg at 25 °C Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Vapor Pressure: Vapor pressure, kPa at 20 °C: 0.25 Source: ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
- Vapor Pressure: 0.75 [mm Hg] @9 °C Source: PAC Chemical Database, U.S. Department of Energy
- Vapor Pressure: 2 mmHg Source: The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
- Exposure Routes: The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation. Source: ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)
- Exposure Routes: inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact Source: The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
- First Aid: Excerpt from NIOSH Pocket Guide for 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene:; Eye: IRRIGATE IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.; Skin: SOAP WASH - If this chemical contacts the skin, wash the contaminated skin with soap and water.; Breathing: RESPIRATORY SUPPORT - If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible.; Swallow: MEDICAL ATTENTION IMMEDIATELY - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2024) Source: CAMEO Chemicals
- ERG2024, Guide 129 (1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene): General First Aid:; · Call 911 or emergency medical service.; · Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved, take precautions to protect themselves and avoid contamination.; · Move victim to fresh air if it can be done safely.; · Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult.; · If victim is not breathing:; -- DO NOT perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation; the victim may have ingested or inhaled the substance.; -- If equipped and pulse detected, wash face and mouth, then give artificial respiration using a proper respiratory medical device (bag-valve mask, pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other device).; -- If no pulse detected or no respiratory medical device available, provide continuous compressions. Conduct a pulse check every two minutes or monitor for any signs of spontaneous respirations.; · Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes.; · For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin.; · In case of contact with substance, remove immediately by flushing skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes.; · For severe burns, immediate medical attention is required.; · Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion, Source: Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG)
- First Aid: (General first aid procedures); Eye: Irrigate immediately - If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash (irrigate) the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately.; Skin: Soap wash - If this chemical contacts the skin, wash the contaminated skin with soap and water.; Breathing: Respiratory support; Swallow: Medical attention immediately - If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. Source: The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
- Signal: Warning Source: Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council
- GHS Hazard Statements: H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]; H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]; H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard] Source: Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council
- Precautionary Statement Codes: P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P271, P273, P280, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P319, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement) Source: Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council
- Note: This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for < 0.1% (2 of 2655) of reports. Source: European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
- Signal: Danger Source: European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
- GHS Hazard Statements: H226 (> 99.9%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]; H304 (12.7%): May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways [Danger Aspiration hazard]; H315 (45.4%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]; H319 (40.6%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]; H335 (99.8%): May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]; H411 (97.9%): Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard] Source: European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
- Precautionary Statement Codes: P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P264+P265, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P331, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement) Source: European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
- ECHA C&L Notifications Summary: Aggregated GHS information provided per 2655 reports by companies from 55 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.; Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 2 of 2655 reports by companies.; There are 54 notifications provided by 2653 of 2655 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).; Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website. Source: European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
- Signal: Danger Source: NITE-CMC
- GHS Hazard Statements: H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]; H304: May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways [Danger Aspiration hazard]; H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]; H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]; H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]; H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]; H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure]; H401: Toxic to aquatic life [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]; H411: Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard] Source: NITE-CMC
- Precautionary Statement Codes: P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P264+P265, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P316, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P319, P321, P331, P332+P317, P337+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P391, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement) Source: NITE-CMC
- GHS Hazard Statements: H226: Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]; H304: May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways [Danger Aspiration hazard]; H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]; H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]; H335: May cause respiratory irritation [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Respiratory tract irritation]; H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects]; H372: Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Danger Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure] Source: NITE-CMC
- NFPA Health Rating: 2 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause temporary incapacitation or residual injury. Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- NFPA Fire Rating: 2 - Materials that must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperatures before ignition can occur. Materials would not under normal conditions form hazardous atmospheres with air, but under high ambient temperatures or under moderate heating could release vapor in sufficient quantities to produce hazardous atmospheres with air. Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- NFPA Instability Rating: 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions. Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Target Organs: Developmental; Nervous Source: EPA Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)
- Target Organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system, blood Source: The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
- Environmental Bioconcentration: BCF values of 23-342 and 42-328 were measured in carp for 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene concentrations of 150 and 15 ug/L, respectively(1). According to a classification scheme(2), BCF values of zero to 30 are low and from 100 to 1,000 are high(SRC). Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Environmental Fate: TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an experimental Koc range of 501-1,445(2-5), indicates that 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an experimental Henry's Law constant of 8.77X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(6). 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene is expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 2.48 mm Hg(SRC), from experimentally-derived coefficients(7). Complete removal of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene from sterile sandy loam soil samples contaminated with jet fuel was reported within 5 days, probably due to evaporation(8). Biodegradation is expected to occur in soil, and acclimation may increase the rate of biodegradation(SRC). 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene, present at a concn of 50 mg/kg, degraded considerably after 6 months in the presence of a sewage inoculum during a bioremediation study(9). It was noted that 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene was more resistant to biodegradation than other compounds present(9). The time required for 0.2-1.0 mg/L of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene to reach less than 1 ug/L was 110 hours in an Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Environmental Fate: AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an experimental Koc range of 501-1,445(2-5), indicates that 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected based upon a Henry's Law constant of 8.77X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(6). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(7), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.2 hours and 4.4 days, respectively(SRC). Residence times (with respect to volatilization) for 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene were calculated as 220 hours for both winter and summer conditions in Narragansett Bay(8). According to a classification scheme(9), BCF values of 23 to 342(10), measured in carp, suggest that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms may be high(SRC). Biodegradation may be an important fate process for this compound in water, and acclimation may increase the rate of biodegradation(SRC). The time required for 0.2-1.0 mg/L of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene to reach less than 1 ug/L was 110 hours in an adapted groundwater aquifer contaminated with gasoline(11). 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene was not detected in the effluent of an activated sludge plant that had a r Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Environmental Fate: ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, which has a vapor pressure of 2.48 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 11 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 5.75X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene also reacts with nitrate radicals in the atmosphere(3); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated as 10-67 days(SRC). The photooxidation of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene with nitrogen oxide produces formaldehyde and aliphatic aldehydes at 0.15-0.2 and 0.3-0.4 moles/mole 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, respectively(5). 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene does not contain chromophores that absorb wavelengths >290 nm(6) and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Consumer Uses: Solvent; Fuel; Diluent; Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable Source: EPA Chemical Data Reporting (CDR)
- Industry Uses: Fuel agents; Other; Solvent; Intermediate; Corrosion inhibitor Source: EPA Chemical Data Reporting (CDR)
- Sources/Uses: Found in coal tar and petroleum crudes; [Merck Index] Used to make dyes and UV oxidation stabilizers for plastics; Also used as a solvent and paint thinner; [HSDB] Source: Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
- Industrial Processes with risk of exposure: Painting (Solvents) [Category: Paint] Source: Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
- Uses: DYESTUFF INTERMEDIATE, SOLVENT, PAINT THINNER Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Uses: Chem int for anthraquinone vat dyes and for uv oxidation stabilizers for plastics Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Uses: Used as a chemical intermediate for the synthesis of mesidine; trimesic acid; 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)mesitylene. Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Uses: The principal use for mesitylene is its conversion to 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)benzene; trade name is Ethanox 330 ... an important non-coloring stabilizer (antioxidant) for plastics, adhesives, rubber, and waxes. Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Uses: For more Uses (Complete) data for 1,3,5-TRIMETHYLBENZENE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page. Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Mapped by: Existing checksum-valid CAS to unique PubChem CID match. Retrieved: 2026-08-31. Open source record
Scientific classifications and hazard annotations provide context and do not replace the market-specific regulatory decision shown above.
Additional source coverage and match status
| Source | Result | Checked |
|---|---|---|
| NIH PubChem PUG-View | Exact match | 2026-08-31 |
A recorded no-match is useful evidence that the source was checked; it is not a claim that the substance does not exist elsewhere.
Retrieved from NIH PubChem on 2026-08-31 by checksum-valid CAS matching. Chemical properties do not replace the regulatory decision on this page.