CAS 104-61-0PubChem CID 7710
Gamma-Nonalactone
- IUPAC name
- 5-pentyloxolan-2-one
- Molecular formula
- C9H16O2
- Molecular weight
- 156.22 g/mol
- Exact mass
- 156.115029749 Da
- XLogP3
- 2.2
- Topological polar surface area
- 26.3 Ų
- Hydrogen-bond donors
- 0
- Hydrogen-bond acceptors
- 2
- Covalent units
- 1
- Defined stereocentres
- 0
Also known as
gamma-NonanolactonePrunolide2(3H)-Furanone, dihydro-5-pentyl-gamma-Nonanolidegamma-PelargolactoneCocos aldehydeNonan-1,4-olideCoconut aldehyde
16 more reported names
gamma-Nonylactone1,4-Nonalolideapricolin4-Pentyl-butanolideAldehyde C-184-NonalactoneDIHYDRO-5-PENTYL-2(3H)-FURANONEgamma-NonyllactoneNonan-4-olidegamma-N-AmylbutyrolactoneFEMA No. 27811,4-Nonyl lactonedelta-n-AmylbutyrolactoneFEMA Number 2781.gamma.-Nonalactonegamma-Amyl-gamma-butyrolactone
External database identifiers
Evidence from additional scientific databases
EMBL-EBI ChEBI
Exact identifier matchCHEBI:10575
γ-nonanolactone
- Formula
- C9H16O2
- Average mass
- 156.225 g/mol
- Monoisotopic mass
- 156.11503 Da
- Formal charge
- 0
- butan-4-olide — is a (CHEBI:22950)
- nonanoic acid — has functional parent (CHEBI:29019)
- butan-4-olide — is a (CHEBI:22950)
- 20809147 Source: PubMed
Additional curated names
5-pentyloxolan-2-oneDihydro-5-pentyl-2(3H)-furanonegamma-Nonalactone
Cross-references from this source
- CAS: 104-61-0 — KEGG COMPOUND
- CAS: 57084-16-9 — KEGG COMPOUND
- MANUAL_X_REF: C00001318 — KNApSAcK
- MANUAL_X_REF: C08501 — KEGG COMPOUND
- MANUAL_X_REF: HMDB0031531 — HMDB
Mapped by: Exact CAS cross-reference in the ChEBI compound record. Source updated: 2015-10-23. Retrieved: 2026-08-31. Open source record
NIH PubChem PUG-View
Exact identifier match7710
Attributed physical-property, hazard, environmental and use annotations.
- Boiling Point: BP: 134 °C at 12 mm Hg Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Boiling Point: The boiling point at 1.7 kPa is 136 °C. Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Boiling Point: 121-122 °C (6 mmHg) Source: Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA)
- Color/Form: Colorless to slightly yellow liquid Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Density: 0.958-0.966 at 25 °C Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Density: 0.958-0.966 Source: Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA)
- Odor: Strong odor reminiscent of coconut Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Physical Description: CBI; Liquid; Dry Powder; Liquid Source: EPA Chemical Data Reporting (CDR)
- Physical Description: Colorless to pale straw-yellow liquid with an odor of coconut; [HSDB] Source: Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
- Physical Description: colourless to slightly yellow liquid with a coconut-like odour Source: Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA)
- Refractive Index: Index of refraction: 1.446-1.450 at 20 °C Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Refractive Index: 1.446-1.450 Source: Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA)
- Solubility: Soluble in alcohol, most fixed oils, propylene glycol; 1:1 in 60% alcohol Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Solubility: Soluble in five volumes of 50% alcohol; soluble in most fixed oils and mineral oil; practically insoluble in glycerol Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Solubility: soluble in alcohol, most fixed oils and propylene glycol; insoluble in water Source: Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA)
- Solubility: 1 ml in 5 ml 60% alcohol (in ethanol) Source: Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA)
- pH: Acid value max: 2.0 Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Note: This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 99.6% (1722 of 1729) of all reports. Source: European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
- GHS Hazard Statements: Not Classified; Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria by 1722 of 1729 companies (only 0.4% companies provided GHS information). For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website. Source: European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
- ECHA C&L Notifications Summary: Aggregated GHS information provided per 1729 reports by companies from 8 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.; Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 1722 of 1729 reports by companies.; There are 6 notifications provided by 7 of 1729 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).; Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website. Source: European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
- Toxicity Summary: IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Dihydro-5-pentyl-2(3H)-furanone is an essential oil used in perfumery and flavors. It is not registered for current pesticide use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: A maximization test was carried out on 25 volunteers. Dihydro-5-pentyl-2(3H)-furanone was tested at a concentration of 10% in petrolatum and produced no sensitization reactions. Tested at 10% in petrolatum, Dihydro-5-pentyl-2(3H)-furanone produced no irritation after a 48 hr closed-patch test on human subjects. ANIMAL STUDIES: A 90-day feeding study on 15 male and 15 female rats fed 0 or 67.5 mg/kg Dihydro-5-pentyl-2(3H)-furanone body wt/day showed no adverse effect. 0.1-0.5% Dihydro-5-pentyl-2(3H)-furanone fed to groups of 20 male and female rats in diet for 2 yr produced no effects. In a 2-wk study, 61.4 mg/kg Dihydro-5-pentyl-2(3H)-furanone fed to rats in the diet produced no effects. Gamma-nonalactone applied full strength to intact or abraded rabbit skin for 24 hr under occlusion was slightly irritating. Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Environmental Bioconcentration: An estimated BCF of 11 was calculated in fish for dihydro-5-pentyl-2(3H)-furanone(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 2.08(1) and a regression-derived equation(1). According to a classification scheme(2), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low (SRC). Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Environmental Fate: TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 120(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that dihydro-5-pentyl-2(3H)-furanone is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of dihydro-5-pentyl-2(3H)-furanone from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.7X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). Dihydro-5-pentyl-2(3H)-furanone is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 1.2X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2). Using a Closed Bottle test, dihydro-5-pentyl-2(3H)-furanone achieved 71% biodegradation in activated sewage sludge after 28 days(4), suggesting that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC). Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Environmental Fate: AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 120(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that dihydro-5-pentyl-2(3H)-furanone is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.7X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 10 hours and 7 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 11(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 2.08(2) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). By analogy to gamma-butyolactone, which exhibits a hydrolysis half-life of approximately 28 days at pH7, dihydro-5-pentyl-2(3H)-furanone is expected to hydrolyze under environmental conditions (pH 5 to 9). Using a Closed Bottle test(6), dihydro-5-pentyl-2(3H)-furanone achieved 71% biodegradation in activated sewage sludge after 28 days(6), suggesting that biodegradation is an Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Environmental Fate: ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), dihydro-5-pentyl-2(3H)-furanone, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 1.2X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase dihydro-5-pentyl-2(3H)-furanone is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 40 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 9.7X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Dihydro-5-pentyl-2(3H)-furanone contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Consumer Uses: Other; Fragrance Source: EPA Chemical Data Reporting (CDR)
- Industry Uses: Other; Flavoring and nutrient; Fragrance Source: EPA Chemical Data Reporting (CDR)
- Sources/Uses: Reportedly found in peaches, apricots, roasted barley, rum, and tomatoes; Used as flavoring and fragrance ingredient; [HSDB] Used in the US as insecticide, insect and mammal repellent, and mosquito larvicide; [Reference #1] Source: Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
- Uses: For dihydro-5-pentyl-2(3H)-furanone (USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code: 122301) there are 0 labels match. /SRP: Not registered for current use in the U.S., but approved pesticide uses may change periodically and so federal, state and local authorities must be consulted for currently approved uses./ Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Uses: Perfumery, flavors Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
- Uses: Reported uses (ppm):; Table: Reported uses (ppm): (Flavor and Extract Manufacturers' Association, 1994) [Table#5371] Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
Mapped by: Existing checksum-valid CAS to unique PubChem CID match. Retrieved: 2026-08-31. Open source record
Scientific classifications and hazard annotations provide context and do not replace the market-specific regulatory decision shown above.
Additional source coverage and match status
| Source | Result | Checked |
|---|---|---|
| EMBL-EBI ChEBI | Exact match | 2026-08-31 |
| NIH PubChem PUG-View | Exact match | 2026-08-31 |
A recorded no-match is useful evidence that the source was checked; it is not a claim that the substance does not exist elsewhere.
Retrieved from NIH PubChem on 2026-08-31 by checksum-valid CAS matching. Chemical properties do not replace the regulatory decision on this page.