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CAS 1 record

CAS 108-78-1

CAS 108-78-1 matches 1 EU annex record across Annex II–VI of Regulation 1223/2009.

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Chemical identity and properties

PubChem 2D chemical structure for CAS 108-78-1
CAS 108-78-1PubChem CID 7955

Melamine

Melamine is a trimer of cyanamide, with a 1,3,5-triazine skeleton. It has a role as a xenobiotic metabolite. It is functionally related to a cyanamide. It is a conjugate base of a melamine(1+). — ChEBI

IUPAC name
1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine
Molecular formula
C3H6N6
Molecular weight
126.12 g/mol
Exact mass
126.06539422 Da
XLogP3
-1.4
Topological polar surface area
117.0 Ų
Hydrogen-bond donors
3
Hydrogen-bond acceptors
6
Covalent units
1
Defined stereocentres
0

Also known as

CyanuramideCyanurotriamideCyanurotriamineIsomelamineTheoharnCyanuric triamides-TriazinetriamineTeoharn
16 more reported names
TriaminotriazineHicophor PR2,4,6-Triamino-1,3,5-triazineAeroPluragardYukamelamine2,4,6-Triamino-s-triazineCymelVirset 656-4Spinflam ML 94MPluragard C 1332,4,6-TriaminotriazineMark ZS 27ADK Stab ZS 27DG 002 (amine)NCI-C50715
Open full PubChem recordPubChem annotations3D structure image
External database identifiers

Evidence from additional scientific databases

NIH PubChem PUG-View
Exact identifier match7955

Attributed physical-property, hazard, environmental and use annotations.

  • First Aid: EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop.; SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment.; INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Ap Source: CAMEO Chemicals
  • Signal: Warning Source: Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council
  • GHS Hazard Statements: H351: Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]; H373: May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure] Source: Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council
  • Precautionary Statement Codes: P203, P260, P280, P318, P319, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement) Source: Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council
  • Note: This chemical does not meet GHS hazard criteria for 67.5% (624 of 924) of all reports. Source: European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
  • Signal: Warning Source: European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
  • GHS Hazard Statements: H351 (18.2%): Suspected of causing cancer [Warning Carcinogenicity]; H361 (18.7%): Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]; H361f (17.1%): Suspected of damaging fertility [Warning Reproductive toxicity]; H373 (18.5%): May causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, repeated exposure] Source: European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
  • Precautionary Statement Codes: P203, P260, P280, P318, P319, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement) Source: European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
  • ECHA C&L Notifications Summary: Aggregated GHS information provided per 924 reports by companies from 31 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.; Reported as not meeting GHS hazard criteria per 624 of 924 reports by companies.; There are 28 notifications provided by 300 of 924 reports by companies with hazard statement code(s).; Information may vary between notifications depending on impurities, additives, and other factors. The percentage value in parenthesis indicates the notified classification ratio from companies that provide hazard codes. Only hazard codes with percentage values above 10% are shown. For more detailed information, please visit ECHA C&L website. Source: European Chemicals Agency (ECHA)
  • Signal: Warning Source: NITE-CMC
  • GHS Hazard Statements: H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]; H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]; H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]; H336: May cause drowsiness or dizziness [Warning Specific target organ toxicity, single exposure; Narcotic effects] Source: NITE-CMC
  • Precautionary Statement Codes: P210, P261, P264, P271, P272, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P319, P321, P332+P317, P333+P317, P362+P364, P370+P378, P403, P403+P233, P405, and P501 (click each P-code to see the statement) Source: NITE-CMC
  • Health Effects: Studies ranging from skin irritation to carcinogenicity are available. Melamine is not genotoxic but it causes carcinomas of the urinary bladder at high doses. Melamine is not irritating to skin and eye, not sensitising and not teratogenic. (L1777) Source: Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
  • Toxicity Summary: IDENTIFICATION: Melamine is a monoclinic prismatic substance that is slightly soluble in water and ethanol. It is insoluble in diethyl ether. Melamine forms synthetic resins with formaldehyde. It is used in the manufacture of melamine resins, laminates, surface coating resins, plastic molding compounds, textile resins, bonding resins, gypsum melamine resin mixtures, orthopedic casts, rubber additives and paper products. HUMAN EXPOSURE: Occupational exposure to melamine may occur during its production and use in manufacture of synthetic resins with formaldehyde. ANIMAL STUDIES: Melamine was tested for its carcinogenicity by oral diet in mice and rats and for initiating activity by skin application in mice. No neoplasm related to treatment was observed after oral administration in mice. Male rats fed diets containing melamine developed transitional cell tumors in the urinary bladder, with one exception; all tumor bearing animals had bladder stones probably containing melamine. The incidence of urinary bladder hyperplasia associated with toxicity in male mice treated with melamine in the diet was observed. Groups of 20 male Fisher 344 rats, six weeks old were fed diets containing mela Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • Toxicity Summary: Melamine causes carcinomas of the urinary bladder at high doses (in male rats). Formation of bladder stones occurred and these calculi are necessary for the induction of tumours. Carcinomas are induced by continuous irritation of the bladder epithelium by the calculi, so that melamine acts only indirectly as a non-genotoxic carcinogen. (L1777) Source: Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
  • Environmental Bioconcentration: An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for melamine(SRC), using a log Kow of -1.37(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • Environmental Fate: TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 5(SRC), determined from a log Kow of -1.37(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that melamine is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of melamine from moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.8X10-14 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 3.59X10-10 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 3.23 mg/L(5). Melamine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). No biodegradation using a standard 5-day BOD test(6) suggests that biodegradation may not be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC). Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • Environmental Fate: AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 5(SRC), determined from a log Kow of -1.37(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that melamine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 1.84X10-14 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 3.59X10-10 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 3.23X10+3 mg/L(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is(SRC). No biodegradation using a standard 5-day BOD test was observed(8), suggesting that biodegradation may not be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC). Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • Environmental Fate: ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), melamine, which has a vapor pressure of 3.59X10-10 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase melamine may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • Consumer Uses: Filler; Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable; Sealant (barrier); Flame retardant; Surface modifier; Hardener; Pigment; Adhesion/cohesion promoter; Other; Binder Source: EPA Chemical Data Reporting (CDR)
  • Industry Uses: Flame retardant; Sealant (barrier); Stabilizing agent; Filler; Not Known or Reasonably Ascertainable; Hardener; Pigment; Adhesion/cohesion promoter; Intermediate; Other; Processing aids not otherwise specified; Surfactant (surface active agent) Source: EPA Chemical Data Reporting (CDR)
  • Sources/Uses: Used as a co-monomer with formaldehyde to make high pressure laminate resins, molding compounds and surface coating resins, textile and paper treating resins, adhesive resins for gluing lumber, plywood, and flooring; Also used as a flame retardant additive for polypropylene and polyethylene, a leather tanning agent, a rust remover, a metal surface cleaner, an etching agent in the semiconductor industry, and a reagent in numerous fluorination processes; [HSDB] Source: Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
  • Industrial Processes with risk of exposure: Metal Degreasing [Category: Clean]; Semiconductor Manufacturing [Category: Industry]; Pulp and Paper Processing [Category: Industry]; Textiles (Fiber & Fabric Manufacturing) [Category: Industry]; Painting (Pigments, Binders, and Biocides) [Category: Paint]; Working with Glues and Adhesives [Category: Other]; Plastic Composites Manufacturing [Category: Industry]; Leather Tanning and Processing [Category: Industry] Source: Haz-Map, Information on Hazardous Chemicals and Occupational Diseases
  • Uses: Melamine, melamine cyanurate, other melamine salts and guanidine compounds are currently the most used group of nitrogen-containing flame retardants. Melamine is used as a flame retardant additive for polypropylene and polyethylene. Melamine cyanurate is employed commercially as a flame retardant for polyamides and terephthalates (PET/PBT) and is being developed for use in epoxy and polyurethane resins. Melamine phosphate is also used as a flame retardant for terephthalates (PET/PBT) and is currently being developed for use in epoxy and polyurethane flame retardant formulations. Also in the development stages for use as flame-retardant additives are melamine salts and melamine formaldehyde for their application in thermoset resins. Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • Uses: Melamine resins, organic syntheses, leather tanning. Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • Uses: TO MAKE HIGH PRESSURE LAMINATE RESINS, MOLDING COMPOUNDS & SURFACE COATING RESINS, TEXTILE & PAPER TREATING RESINS, ADHESIVE RESINS FOR GLUING LUMBER, PLYWOOD, & FLOORING Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • Uses: COMONOMER WITH FORMALDEHYDE FOR AMINO RESIN PRODN Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • Uses: For more Uses (Complete) data for MELAMINE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page. Source: Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)
  • Uses: Plastics -> Typical concentration range in plastic materials -> 25% Source: NORMAN Suspect List Exchange
  • Uses: Melamine has many industrial uses, including the production of laminates, glues, adhesives, moulding compounds, coatings and flame retardants. It is also used in some fertilizers and in the production of melamine resins, typically by reaction with formaldehyde. Melamine is a metabolite of the pesticide cyromazine in plants, goats, hens and rats. (L1775) (L1778) Source: Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

Mapped by: Existing checksum-valid CAS to unique PubChem CID match. Retrieved: 2026-08-31. Open source record

Scientific classifications and hazard annotations provide context and do not replace the market-specific regulatory decision shown above.

Additional source coverage and match status
SourceResultChecked
NIH PubChem PUG-ViewExact match2026-08-31

A recorded no-match is useful evidence that the source was checked; it is not a claim that the substance does not exist elsewhere.

Retrieved from NIH PubChem on 2026-09-02 by checksum-valid CAS matching. Chemical properties do not replace the regulatory decision on this page.

Records for CAS 108-78-1

1 total

How CAS 108-78-1 is used on this site

CAS 108-78-1 is the Chemical Abstracts Service identifier used to pin this page to a specific substance. In the current dataset, 1 EU annex record shares this identifier, which helps you cross-check whether the same substance appears under one regulatory context or several.

Use this page when a supplier specification, SDS or raw-material dossier gives you CAS 108-78-1 and you need to see every linked Annex II–VI record in one place. The entry cards above are the quickest route to concentration limits, warnings, annex placement and product-type conditions.

Frequently asked questions

A substance identified by CAS 108-78-1 may appear in multiple EU cosmetic regulation annexes when it is subject to different conditions in different contexts. For example, a substance might be restricted under Annex III with specific conditions, and the same CAS might also appear in Annex IV as an approved colorant under separate entry conditions. Each entry must be reviewed individually.

Cross-reference the CAS number against your raw material specification sheets and CoA documents. When a CAS appears in Annex II, verify absence. When it appears in Annex III, verify that concentration limits and product type conditions are met in your formulation. All annex entries sharing this CAS number are listed above.

A CAS number is assigned by the Chemical Abstracts Service (USA) and is globally recognised. An EC number is a European Commission identifier from inventories such as EINECS, ELINCS or the NLP list. Both identifiers may appear in EU cosmetic annex entries. Some substances have both, some have only one, and some older entries may have neither.

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